Coil winding machine



June 28; '1949. HE. PAMPHILON ,4 5

cdxpymmm ACHINE Filed Sept. 12, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet l Q Q Q L. E PAMPHILON COIL WINDING MACHINE Juhe 28, 1949.

Filed Sept. i2, 194'? 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 28, 1949. L. E. PAMPHILON 2,474,755

COIL WINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 12, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 mun nuul r June 28, 1949. E. PAMPHILON 2,474,755

COIL WINDING MACHINE Filed Sept. 12, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I I J /06 l l /04' 2 m5 5322-2-25: I.

lhhh June'"28, 1949. 1.. E. PAMPHILON 2,474,755

COIL WINDING MACHINE FiledSept. 12, 194'! 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented June 28, 1949 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

COIL WINDING MACHINE Leon E. Pamphilon,

9 Claims.

This invention relates to a machine for winding electrical coils and transformers, and is particularly directed to a machine adapted to wind a plurality of coils simultaneously, as well as to the methods of fabricating the coils.

A primary object of the invention is to provide a power driven apparatus for supporting and turning a mandrel upon which a series of wire coils may be wound in successive radial layers.

A further object of the invention is to provide a coil winding machine having a horizontally supported mandrel adapted to receive a plurality of wires from a grooved roller which is carried by an oscillating member moving in a path parallel to the axis of the mandrel.

A still further object of the invention is to provide an electrical reversing system for a coil winding machine adapted to reverse the carriage travel automatically when either limit is reached.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a coil winding machine adapted to fabricate a tapered 0011 by automatically decreasing carriage travel in predetermined increments.

The invention also includes means for adjusting the carriage amplitude and frequency with respectto the mandrel speed, as well as the methods of operating the machine.

Further objects will be apparent from the specification and drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a front view of a coil winding machine constructed in accordance with the invention, partly broken away to show the electric motor and motor drive;

Fig. 1a is a detail of the treadle which operates the electric motor drive;

Fig. 2 is a top view of the structure of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section taken along the lines 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged sectional detail taken along the lines 44 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail as seen at 5-5 in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view as seen at 6-45 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 7 is a perspective of one of the mandrels used in connection with the winding machine;

Fig. 8 is a wiring diagram of the electrical system;

Fig. 9 is a detail side view of a modified form showing the taper attachment;

Fig. 10 is a top view of the structure of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11 is an end view of the structure of Fig. 9;

Yeadon, Pa., assignor to Airdesign, Incorporated, Upper Darby, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application September 12, 1947, Serial No. 773,593

Fig. 12 is a sectional view taken along the lines l2--l2 of Fi 9;

Fig. 13 is an enlarged sectional detail taken along lines l3-l3 of Fig. 9; and

Fig. 14. is a partly sectioned view of a completed coil as fabricated with the structure of Figs. 9-13.

The invention comprises essentially a horizontally supported split mandrel adapted to receive a hollow coil foundation and to be rotated in the supports by means of a treadle controlled electric motor. A gear train connected to the main spindle which turns the mandrel, serves to drive a sprocket mounted on a vertical axis. This driven sprocket is connected to a second sprocket by means of an endless chain; and a carrier having sprockets engaging opposite lengths of the chain is designed to oscillate back and forth with respect to the axis of the mandrel. The carrier sprockets are normally free to rotate on individual vertical axes but may be selectively clamped with respect to the carrier by means of electro-magnets acting upon discs integral with each sprocket. The carrier is provided with a dog or arm which contacts a pair of limit switches adjustably positioned so that when the dog operates one of the switches, the carrier travel is automatically reversed by means of the electromagnets on the carrier sprockets.

If desired, the limit switches may be mounted on a horizontal oppositely threaded shaft so that, at each oscillation of the carrier, the shaft is rotated to move the switches closer to each other, thereby reducing the effective distance between the switches and thus providing gradually decreasihg carrier travel.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, a mandrel having a pair of oppositely disposed lugs 2!, 2| may be of any desired outer contour, but in the embodiment shown in Fig. 7 is of generally square cross-section. The mandrel is cut from end to end on a bias in order to facilitate removal from the completely wound coils in a manner to be described more fully hereinafter. The mandrel is supported in a horizontal position, as shown in Fig. l, by means of a chuck 22 rotatably mounted on arbor 23 which in turn is adjustably supported in pedestal 24. The arbor 23 carries a T-handle 25 which permits the arbor to be moved in the pedestal when looking plate 26 is loosened by means of clamp 21. The opposite end of mandrel 2!] is tightly engaged in chuck 28 on spindle 29 which is journaled in the side plates 30* and 3! of a gear box designated generally by 32. Spindle 29 carries a hand wheel 33 adjacent to chuck 28, and a drive pulley 34 is mounted on the spindle inside gear box 32. A small sprocket 35 is also mounted on the spindle between drive pulley M and side plate 3!] of the gear box. The opposite end of the spindle extends through side plate (II of the gear box and has a spur gear 30 rigidly keyed thereon. A revolution counter 31 mounted on bracket 38 attached to the gear box is driven from the spindle through flexible shaft 39 connected to shaft 40 which is supported in bracket H on top of the gear box. Chain 42 serves to drive revolution counter 37 through sprockets 35 and 43.

A jackshaft 50 (Fig. 2) is also journaled in side plate 39 at BI and is driven through a gear train consisting of gear 52 on jackshaft 50, gears 53 and 54 on countershaft 55 and gear 55 on countershaft 51 which extends through side plate 3| of the gear box and has gear 58 securely attached thereto. Idler gear 59 meshes with gears 36 and 58 and serves to drive the gear train from spindle 29. The idler gear 58 is carried on an adjustable bracket (not shown) outside of gear box 32. Gears 3 6 and 58 may be replaced with a variety of gears of different sizes if desired to vary the ratio between spindle is and counter-l shaft 50.

A worm 60 is keyed to the extremity of jackshaft 50 which extends through side plate 35 and meshes with worm wheel 6i which is formed integrally with sprocket E32 by means of hub 63. Worm wheel GI and sprocket '52 are mounted on bed plate 64 and are adapted to rotate about a vertical axis by means of shaft 65 secured to bed plate 64 by means of washers 66 and nut 67.

A post 68 carries a second sprocket til in such a manner that the center line connecting sprockets 62 and 09 is parallel to the axis of spindle 29 and mandrel 20. A chain 70 connects sprockets 62 and 69 and means for adjusting the tension of chain I is provided by cap screws Ii, H extending through slots in bracket "I2 which is mounted on bed plate 54 and carries post S8.

A carriage I has two side frame members I6 and Ti to which are joined an end member I8 to complete the carriage structure which adapted to oscillate in rails 11.! and 85. One end of side frame member I6 of the carriage extends beyond the opposite member I1 and has a dog ill adjustably clamped thereto by means of set screw 32. Dog 8i extends at right angles to member "I6 and actuates a pair of limit switches 83 and 84 (Fig. 6) supported on brackets 35, 535 and having slots 86 to provide for longitudinal positioning of the switches. Brackets 85 are adjustably clamped to the main supporting table or bench 8'! by means of thumb screws 88, 88. The location of switches 83 to dog BI, as well as the position of the dog on frame It, determines theamplitude and the spacing of the travel of carirage T5. The manner in which this is accomplished electrically will be more fully described hereinafter.

Side rails 79 and 80 Rails 79 and 88, as Well as the pedestal 24).

and gear box 32 are mounted onsteel bed plate 64 which is in turn supported onbench Si.

and 84 with respect.

Referring now to Fig. 4, the carriage frames I6 and H are connected at approximately their midpoints by a cross-member securely bolted to the underside of members It and 'I'I'. A sprocket t6, having an internal bushing E? which is flanged at the lower end at 08, rotates on a vertical stud or pin '59 secured in member by means of nut Hill. The position of pin $113 with respect to side frame H is such that the teeth of sprocket 9G engage and retain chain I0 in closely spaced relation with respect to the frame member ll so that it is impossible for the chain to become accidentally disengaged from the, sprocket.

The hub of sprocket 96 extends upwardly and carries an annular cup Illl adapted to receive lubricant from supply tube H32. Lubricant thus deposited in cup IBI flows through passages Him to the periphery of pin 99 and the bore of bearing sleeve 9?. The upper extremity of the sprock et hub carries a disc portion I03 which may be formed integrally with the hub or attached thereto as by welding. An electromagnet designated generally by Hi l is mounted immediately over the upper surface of disc I03 so that the normal deenergized clearance between the disc and magnet is on the order of 0.001". Magnets we and HM. comprise laminated cores I05 and I05, windings I06 and Iilfi, and are supported from crossmember 05 by means of brackets H17 and Bill.

At the opposite end of cross-member an identical sprocket and electromagnet assembly is mounted so that sprocket 95 engages with the opposite portion of chain I0. An oil reservoir I08 to which lubricant supply lines I02 are attached, is mounted centrally in cross-member 05 by means of cap screw I09. Corresponding parts of the electromagnets and carriage sprocket as" semblies are indicated on the drawings by primed numbers.

The function of the magnetically operated sprockets is such that when one of the magnets I04 or M34 is energized, the corresponding disc i955 or I03 is securely gripped by the magnet and thus prevented from turning on pins 93, 530. It will be apparent that this action has the effect of locking the associated sprocket 95 or insofar as its engagement with chain 10 is concerned thereby causing the carriage "1.5 to move with chain it until the magnet is deenergized, thus permitting the sprocket to turn on pins or 99'. Since a clearance of approximately .001 is ample to permit locking and unlocking of discs I03, I03 there is no problem insofar as vertical movement of the sprockets on pins 9?; and 99 is concerned because sufficient clearance may be provided between the sprocket teeth and the chain to enable the sprocket and, its hub to move vertically to this limited degree. Since, as will be apparent from Fig. 2, opposite portions of 96 imparts an oscillating motion to the carriage. Likewise. if neit e sprocket 95 nor 06' is locked by means of its sociated magnet, the carriage will remain stationary and when so unlocked, it canbe readily moved to any desired position by hand.

The control of the spindle speed is achieved through a standard sewing machine clutch mechanism indicated generally tion disc I I9 is adapted to be urged axially against disc IIB by pressure on treadle I (Fig. 1a) acting through rod I2I, levers I22 and I23 link I24, lever I25, adjustable pin I20 and shaft I21 to which the disc H9 is keyed. Power is transmitted from shaft I21 to the spindle 28 by means of pulley 34, belt I28 and pulley I29 keyed to shaft I21. A brake disc I30 on shaft I21 automatically retards turning of the spindle 29 and shaft I21 when clutch plates H8 and II9 are disengaged. This braking action is achieved by means of spring I3I which urges brake member I32 against brake disc I30 when lever I25 is in a normally retracted position. Spring I33 attached to lever I22 serves to counteract pressure on treadle I20. It will be understood that the construction and operation of the clutch assembly II5 forms no part of the present invention and is well known.

Referring now to Fig. 8. the electrical wiring of the circuit is such that the energization of magnets I04 and I04 is accomplished automatically by means of switches 83 and 84 to provide reciprocating motion of the carriage 15 in any predetermined constant amplitude.

A convenient direct current source I35 is connected to switch 84 at I36 by means of lead I31 and to both magnets I04 and I04 by means of lead I38. A manually operated switch I39 permits breaking of the circuits to the magnets I04 and I04 regardless of the position of the dog 8! and switches 83 and 84; whereas switch I40 opens the entire control circuit. Motor I I0 is connected across the main power leads and is controlled by another switch (not shown). A solenoid actuated relay indicated generally at I4I consists of a double pole, double throw switch I4 Ia, I4 lo and a solenoid I4 Ib and functions to first energize magnet I04 regardless of the position of dog 8|, whenever switch I40 is closed.

When the switches of relay I4I are in the upper position as shown in Fig. 8, magnet I04 is energized through lead I42. switch I4-Ia, leads I43, I31 and I30. When in the lower position, however, magnet I04 is energized through lead I44, switch I4Ia, leads I45, I31 and I38. Switch 83 is of the normally closed type whereas switch 84 is of the normally open type, so that the operation of the circuit is as follows:

The position of dog BI in Fig. 8 shows the carriage traveling toward switch 83. Under these conditions, relay I4! is energized through lead I46, switch 83 and lead I41 as well. as through leads I31, I40, switch I4Ic and lead I49. When dog 8I trips switch 83, the circuit to relay MI is instantly broken as switch 83 opens. This deenergizes solenoid I4Ib causing switch I4Ia to be thrown to its alternate or lower position by means of spring I50. At the same time, the circuit to magnet I04 is closed through leads I31, I45 and I44, and the switch I4Ic is opened. The deenergizing of magnet I04 together with the energizing of magnet I04, immediately causes the carriage to reverse its direction as explained heretofore. Switch 83 immediately closes when dog BI ceases to engage it, thereby closing the circuit through leads I46 and I41 to solenoid I4Ib. How ever, this action fails to energize solenoid I4Ib since both switches 84 and I4Ic are now open. When dog 8| trips switch 84, the circuit is closed to solenoid I4Ib through both switches 33 and 84, whereupon the relay is actuated to again close switch I4Ic and raise switch I4Ia to its upper position as shown in Fig. 8. Immediate reversal of the carriage direction is thus accomplished and this reversal is continued despite the fact that switch 04 opens after dog 8| ceases to engage it because the solenoid is now energized through switch I4Ic instead of through switch 84.

Switch I39 opens the circuit to both magnets I04 and I04 thereby permitting manual operation of the carriage in either direction without opening the main circuit. It will also be apparent that opening of switch I30 in no way affects the operation of relay I4I, whereas whenever switch 40 is opened, spring I50 automatically returns the switches to the lower position to close the circuit to magnet I04. The location of switches I30 and I40 together with other details of the circuit, provide that when switch I30 is closed the carriage always moves in the same direction in which it had been moving when switch I30 was opened. However, when switch I40 is closed, the carriage always moves in the same direction with respect to mandrel 20.

In order that the operator may have a visual indication of the point at which the carriage reverses, a bulb I5I is connected across the solenoid leads I46 and I52 so that the bulb will be lighted during one traverse of the carriage and unlighted during the return traverse.

Figs. 9-13 illustrate a modified form of the machine which is utilized to fabricate a coil having a tapered cross-section achieved by means of decreasing the effective traversing movement of the carriage in predetermined regular increments. Instead of the switches 83 and 84 being secured to brackets 85, which are in turn mounted on bench 81, the structure of Fig. 6 can be replaced with the structure of Fig. 9 in which the extension of side frame member 16 is provided. with a guide member I00 having a horizontally disposed roove IN and a cam portion I62 located near the midoint of guide I60. Brackets I03 and I04 are adapted to clamp guide I00 securely to the member 16 and longitudinal adjustment may be secured by loosening set screw I05 which serves to clamp the guide I60 securely to member 16. The dog 8| of Fig. 6 is replaced in the form of Fig. 9 by an upwardly extending arm I66 bolted to member 16 by means of cap screws I61. The upper end of arm I60 is in alignment with two limit switches 83 and 84' mounted on brackets I68 and I60. Adjustment of the distance between the contacts of switches 83 and 84 is automattcally and manually achieved by means of an oppositely threaded shaft I10 horizontally mounted in blocks Ill and I12 which are in turn supported in an elevated position with respect to bench 81 by means of vertical bracket assembly I13 supporting upper plate I14 and lower plate I15. Shaft I10 is secured to the hub of hand crank assembly I16 by which the shaft may be readily turned. The opposite end of shaft I10 extends through block I12 and carries a spur gear I11 driven by gears I18 and I10. Jear I18 serves as an idler gear and is adjustably mounted in bracket I80. The hub of gear H9 is integral with housing I8I of over-running clutch I82 (Fig. 13). Shaft I83 of clutch !82 is journaled in side plate I84 of bracket assembly I13 and extends inwardly thereof to carry a pinion gear I85. Vertical rack I86 is operatively associated with pinion I and is slidably supported on side frame I84 by means of bracket I81. The lower extremity of rack I00 carries a horizontally disposed roller or cam follower I88 adapted to ride in groove IOI of guide member I60.

In operation, the function of switches 83 and 84 is identical to that of switches 03 and 84 in Figs. 2 and 6 but the oscillating motion of will be ber :16 .:-l86 when -the.cama-follower contacts cam I62. .Referring to Fig." 9, it will. --rack 186- is raised, gear clutch I82, causing shaft termined amount in accordance with the gear i ratios and the pitch of and 84" decrease ets-I68 and I69, as well '84"-tobe moved independently in plates il l'and ascents closer-together by means of the threaded shaft I'll] on: which they are mounted. 'It

apparent that every. traverse of side memcauses 'camzfolloweril'ilfl to actuate rack be seen that when 3H9 is turned through 'IIIl torotate a predethe threads on shaft I'll]. However, when rack I86 is loweredpthe over-running clutch :i82 prevents reversal of the rotation imparteditogearTIS. Switches '83 are thereby-gradually moved closer together so that the'oscillations of the carriage in amplitudeto. cause successive wrappings on the mandrel 20";tobe of decreasing length as shown in Fig. 14." When a coil is co pleted, switches -83 and wild canbe readily re- .set by means of crank I'lB-to their initial positions which are in turn: determined by the setting-ofcammed stops I-89," I89. Should it be desired to vary the relative relation of the brack- I69 on shaft l-lfl spring loaded pins I90 I ets I68, are raised to-remove-threaded segments 59d from contact with shaft- I10. This permits the brackas-the switches 83 and H because thebrackets; I68 and -I69 proper-are not in threaded engagement with shaft H0.

In operation, a cardboard coil foundation 206 -(Fig. 14) is slipped overthe sections of manvdrel- 20 which is then positioned in :28 and tail chuck 22. A grooved roller 25H hav- .in the proper numberiof-annular grooves 202 is spindle chuck mounted in brackets 203; 203 which are support- -ed from'the side members I6 and TI of the car riage 15 by" means ofupright members 264,204 and 205, 205.

The wire with-which the coils are fabricated is fed from a spool ZOE-mountedv on a supporting vmemberlli'l and .fed through atensioning device indicated generally at 208.

The ends of the wire are secured-"in .position to the cardboard foundation 2U0by means'of gummed tape, after which the main switch-l40 is closed. Pressure on treadle I20 then-turns mandrel 26 along With-coil foundation 200 while atthe same time carriage 15 operates back and forth in. the manner' previously described. The .operator, at the end of-each traverse, inserts a sheet of paper 209 from a convenient stack ZIU. and a skilled Operator can perform. this insertion operation merely byobserving lamp I5I without stopping or slowing down the machine. .The operator knows in ,ad-vancethe desired number of turns which must be made for-each coil. and this can be readily ascertained by observing the revolution counter-31. .When the. coil is completed with the proper number .of..turns, pressure is removed from treadle I2fl,*-thewires out the mandrel removed fromchucks 22 and 28. The

biased. split in the mandrel permits it-to be easily knocked out of foundation 20D. whereuponthe coil assembly is ready forv the cutting operation. Before removing the mandrel from chucks 22 and 28, however, the proper .gaps between coil segments can be. marked .by means of knife blades 2I I carried by-brackets 2| 2 which are clamped securely to shaft 2| 3. .AhandleZMalso clamped to shaft 2I3 permits rotation of shaft 2I3 in pedestals 2 I5. and 2I6 for. this purpose.

Means for adjusting the position of brackets 203 is provided-by vertical. slots in members 264 and horizontal slots in brackets 2933.

--two. coils being wound simultaneously.

foundation, a support on said base member said mandrel; means for rotating said mandrel,

'many as '36 coils simultaneously. Adjustment forFthe longermandrels is provided at arbor 23. Furthermore, theratio between the speed "of.spindle*29 and countershaft 5D in the form shown may be variedto accommodate wire sizes and the structure provides drive reduction having no from No. 16 to No.44 a to 1 variable compound gears.

' I claim: 1. Acoil winding machine comprising a member, a mandrel adapted to receive a base coil for acarriage adaptedto oscillate axially with re- .spect to the mandrel, a pair of sprockets mountedonvsaid base member in axial alignment with the mandrel, a chain mounted on said sprockets, driving connections fOr'the mandrel and one of said sprockets, a pair of chain sprockets mounted onsaid'carrlage andadapted to engage op- -p0site lengths of: said chain, an 'electromagnet associated with each ofsaid chain sprockets and adapted to electromagnetically lock the chain sprockets with respect to the carriage, and means for selectively'energizing'the electromagnets to lock the chain sprockets in accordance withthe position of carriage travel.

2. In a coil winding machine, the sub-coinbination of an oscillating carriage adapted to oscillate within the perimeter of an endless chain, a cross. member on the carriage, a pair of side members for the carriage positioned in closed spaced relation Wlth'thG outside periphery of opposite lengths of the chain, a pair of sprockets vertically mounted on thecross member adapted to engage the chain and retain it between the sprockets and theside members.

i 3: Apparatus-in accordance with claim 2 having a hollow vertically mounted post on the cross member, and a-lubricant line connecting the interior of the post with thebore of the sprockets. 4.. An apparatus in accordance with claim 2 in whicheach-sprocket is provided with a disc of magnetic materiahand an electromagnet-supported on the cross-member in operative magnetic association with the disc.

5; An electrical circuit for a coil winding machine having an oscillating carriage comprising a. source of current supply, a stop on the carriage, a pair ,of limitswitches.operatively associated with -said stop, the first of said limit switches being normally closed, the second of said limit switches being normally open, a double pole double throw relay, a first electromagnet associated with a/sprocket on the carriage, a second .electromagnet associated with the sprocket .on. the carriage, and a spring associated with the relay adapted to throw the relay to an initial. position when therelay solenoid is-deenergized, anelectrical connection between the source of power supply, the first limit switch and the relay, an electrical connection between the second limit switch and one of the .double throw switches, an electrical connection between the second limit throwswitch, and the double throw tromagnets.

6. A coil winding machine comprising a base member, a gear box mounted on said base member, a mandrel horizontally supported on said base member, a spindle supported in said gear box and adapted to drive said mandrel, an electric motor mounted on said base member, means for operatively connecting the electric motor with the spindle, a pair of posts mounted on the base member, a driven sprocket on one of said posts, a wormwheel connected to said driven sprocket, a worm supported by the gear box for driving said wormwheel and sprocket, a second sprocket on the other of said posts, a chain connecting said sprockets, an oscillating carriage enclosing said sprockets in close spaced relation with the chain, a connecting member on said carriage, a pair of carriage sprockets mounted on said connecting member and adapted to engage opposite lengths of the chain, a magnetic switch mounted on said connecting member over each carriage sprocket, and a disc member operatively associated with each magnetic switch and secured to the carriage sprockets whereby selective energization of the magnets electromagnetically locks the carriage sprockets to provide locked engagement between the associated carriage sprocket and the chain.

7. A coil winding machine in accordance with claim 6 having a horizontally oppositely threaded shaft mounted axially with respect to the movement of the carriage, a pair of limit switches carried by said threaded shaft, a cam carried by the carriage, and ratcheting means operated by said cam to turn said threaded shaft.

8. As a sub-combination, an oscillating carriage for a coil Winding machine, a pair of stationary sprockets mounted within said carriage, a pair of oscillating sprockets mounted on said carriage, a chain connecting said stationary sprockets, opposite portions of said chain engaging the oscillating sprockets respectively, an electro magnet associated with each oscillating sprocket, and a Wire guide supported on the carriage.

9. In a coil. winding machine, the sub-combi nation of an oscillating carriage, a cam mounted on said oscillating carriage, a shaft mounted in axial alignment with the oscillation of the carriage, a bracket for supporting said shaft, op posite threaded portions on the shaft, a carrier on each opposite threaded portion, a limit switch supported in each carrier, a cam follower operatively associated with said cam, means including a gear train and an overrunning clutch for rotating said shaft in accordance with the movement of the cam, and a bracket on the carriage adapted to oscillate between the contacts of the limit switches.

LEON E. PAMPHILON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,368,536 Anderson Feb. 15, 1921 1,469,470 Wright Oct. 2, 1923 1,764,618 Franks June 17, 1930 1,881,377 Kierspe 1 Oct. 4, 1932 1,935,585 Tomblom Nov. 14, 1933 1,979,227 Kierspe Oct. 30, 1934 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 513,700 France Nov. 5, 1920 

